Tare da ci gaba da karuwa a cikin adadin na'urorin IoT, sadarwa ko haɗin kai tsakanin waɗannan na'urorin ya zama muhimmin batu don la'akari.Sadarwa ya zama gama gari kuma yana da mahimmanci ga Intanet na Abubuwa.Ko fasahar watsa mara waya ta gajeriyar hanya ce ko fasahar sadarwa ta wayar hannu, tana shafar ci gaban Intanet na Abubuwa.A cikin sadarwa, ƙa'idar sadarwa tana da mahimmanci musamman, kuma ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi ne waɗanda ƙungiyoyin biyu dole ne su bi don kammala sadarwa ko sabis.Wannan labarin yana gabatar da ka'idojin sadarwa na IoT da yawa, waɗanda ke da ayyuka daban-daban, ƙimar bayanai, ɗaukar hoto, iko da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, kuma kowace yarjejeniya tana da fa'idodinta da ƙari ko ƙasa da rashin amfani.Wasu daga cikin waɗannan ka'idojin sadarwa sun dace da ƙananan kayan aikin gida, yayin da wasu za a iya amfani da su don manyan ayyukan birni masu wayo.Ka’idojin sadarwa na Intanet na Abubuwa sun kasu kashi biyu, daya ita ce hanyar shiga, daya kuma ita ce ka’idar sadarwa.Ka'idar samun damar gabaɗaya ita ce ke da alhakin haɗin kai da sadarwa tsakanin na'urorin da ke cikin gidan yanar gizo;Ka’idar sadarwa ita ce ka’idar sadarwa ta na’ura da ke gudana akan ka’idar Intanet ta gargajiya ta TCP/IP, wacce ke da alhakin musayar bayanai da sadarwar na’urorin ta hanyar Intanet.
1. Sadarwar salula mai tsayi
(1) Ka'idojin sadarwa na 2G/3G/4G suna nufin ka'idojin tsarin sadarwar wayar hannu na ƙarni na biyu, na uku da na huɗu.
(2) NB-IoT
Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-iot) ya zama muhimmin reshe na Intanet na Komai.
Gina kan hanyoyin sadarwar salula, nb-iot yana cinye kusan 180kHz na bandwidth kawai kuma ana iya tura shi kai tsaye akan cibiyoyin sadarwar GSM, UMTS ko LTE don rage farashin turawa da haɓaka haɓakawa.
Nb-iot yana mai da hankali kan kasuwar Intanet na Abubuwa mara ƙarfi (LPWA) kuma fasaha ce mai tasowa wacce za a iya amfani da ita a duk duniya.
Yana da halaye na ɗaukar hoto mai faɗi, haɗin kai da yawa, saurin sauri, ƙarancin farashi, ƙarancin wutar lantarki da ingantaccen gine-gine.
Yanayin aikace-aikacen: Cibiyar sadarwa ta nB-iot tana kawo al'amuran ciki har da filin ajiye motoci na hankali, faɗakarwar wuta mai hankali, ruwa mai hankali, fitilu masu hankali, kekuna masu rarraba da kayan aikin gida masu hankali, da dai sauransu.
(3) 5G
Fasahar sadarwa ta wayar salula ta zamani ta biyar ita ce sabuwar fasahar sadarwa ta wayar salula.
Manufofin aikin 5G sune manyan ƙimar bayanai, rage jinkiri, tanadin makamashi, ƙananan farashi, haɓaka ƙarfin tsarin da haɗin na'ura mai girma.
Yanayin aikace-aikacen: AR / VR, Intanet na abubuwan hawa, masana'anta na fasaha, makamashi mai wayo, likita mara waya, nishaɗin gida mara waya, Haɗin UAV, ULTRA HIGH ma'anar / watsa shirye-shiryen rayuwa, taimakon AI na sirri, birni mai wayo.
2. Sadarwar sadarwa mara nisa mai nisa
(1) WiFi
Saboda saurin shaharar masu amfani da hanyoyin sadarwar WiFi na gida da wayoyi masu wayo a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, WiFi yarjejeniya kuma an yi amfani da shi sosai a fagen smart home.Babban fa'ida na ka'idar WiFi ita ce shiga Intanet kai tsaye.
Idan aka kwatanta da ZigBee, tsarin gida mai wayo ta amfani da ka'idar Wifi yana kawar da buƙatar ƙarin ƙofofin.Idan aka kwatanta da ƙa'idar Bluetooth, tana kawar da dogaro ga tashoshi na hannu kamar wayoyin hannu.
Rufin WiFi na kasuwanci a cikin jigilar jama'a na birni, kantunan kantuna da sauran wuraren jama'a ba shakka za su bayyana yuwuwar aikace-aikacen yanayin WiFi na kasuwanci.
(2) ZigBee
ZigBee ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idar sadarwar mara waya ce mai ƙarancin gudu da gajeriyar nisa watsawa, cibiyar sadarwar watsa bayanai ce mai dogaro sosai, manyan halaye sune ƙarancin saurin gudu, ƙarancin wutar lantarki, ƙarancin farashi, goyan bayan babban adadin nodes na cibiyar sadarwa, tallafawa nau'ikan topology na cibiyar sadarwa. , ƙananan rikitarwa, sauri, abin dogara da aminci.
Fasahar ZigBee sabuwar nau'in fasaha ce, wacce ta fito kwanan nan.Ya dogara ne akan hanyar sadarwa mara waya don watsawa.Yana iya aiwatar da haɗin kai mara waya ta kusa kuma mallakar fasahar sadarwar cibiyar sadarwa mara waya.
Fa'idodin da ke tattare da fasaha na ZigBee ya sa a hankali ya zama babbar fasaha a masana'antar Intanet na Abubuwa kuma yana samun manyan aikace-aikace a masana'antu, aikin gona, gida mai wayo da sauran fannoni.
(3)LoRa
LoRa (LongRange, LongRange) fasaha ce ta daidaitawa wacce ke ba da nisan sadarwa mai tsayi fiye da fasahohin iri ɗaya. Ƙofar LoRa, firikwensin hayaki, saka idanu na ruwa, gano infrared, sakawa, sakawa da sauran samfuran Iot da ake amfani da su sosai.A matsayin fasahar mara waya ta kunkuntar, LoRa yana amfani da Bambancin lokaci na isowa don geolocation.Application scenarios na LoRa matsayi: smart birni da zirga-zirga saka idanu, metering da dabaru, aikin gona saka idanu.
3. NFC (kusa da sadarwa)
(1) RFID
Ƙididdiga na Frequency Identification (RFID) gajere ne don Ƙididdigar Mitar Rediyo. Ka'idarsa ita ce sadarwar bayanan da ba ta sadarwa ba tsakanin mai karatu da alamar don cimma manufar gano abin da ake nufi. Aikace-aikacen RFID yana da yawa, aikace-aikace na yau da kullum sune guntu dabba, na'urar ƙararrawar ƙararrawa ta guntu, ikon samun dama, kula da filin ajiye motoci, sarrafa layin samarwa, sarrafa kayan aiki. Cikakken tsarin RFID ya ƙunshi Karatu, Tag lantarki da tsarin sarrafa bayanai.
(2) NFC
Cikakken sunan Sinanci na NFC shine Fasahar Sadarwar Filin Kusa.An haɓaka NFC akan fasahar tantance mitar rediyo mara lamba (RFID) kuma an haɗa ta da fasahar haɗin kai mara waya.Yana ba da hanyar sadarwa mai aminci da sauri don samfuran lantarki daban-daban waɗanda ke ƙara shahara a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun."Filin kusa" a cikin sunan Sinanci na NFC yana nufin igiyoyin rediyo kusa da filin lantarki.
Yanayin aikace-aikacen: Ana amfani da shi wajen sarrafa shiga, halarta, baƙi, shiga taro, sintiri da sauran filayen.NFC yana da ayyuka kamar hulɗar ɗan adam-kwamfuta da hulɗar inji-zuwa-na'ura.
(3)Bluetooth
Fasahar Bluetooth buɗaɗɗen ƙayyadaddun bayanai ne na duniya don bayanan mara waya da sadarwar murya.Haɗin fasahar mara waya ta gajeriyar hanya ce ta musamman bisa ƙayyadaddun haɗin mara waya mai ƙarancin farashi don kafa yanayin sadarwa don kafaffen na'urorin hannu da na hannu.
Bluetooth na iya musayar bayanai ba tare da waya ba tsakanin na'urori da yawa da suka haɗa da wayoyin hannu, PDAs, naúrar kai mara waya, kwamfutocin littafin rubutu, da abubuwan da ke da alaƙa.Amfani da fasahar “Bluetooth” na iya saukaka hanyoyin sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa ta wayar salula yadda ya kamata, da kuma samun nasarar saukaka hanyoyin sadarwa tsakanin na’urar da Intanet, ta yadda watsa bayanai za su yi sauri da inganci, da kuma fadada hanyoyin sadarwa ta wayar salula.
4. Sadarwar waya
(1) USB
USB, gajartawar Ingilishi Universal Serial Bus (Universal Serial Bus), ƙa'idar bas ce ta waje da ake amfani da ita don daidaita haɗin gwiwa da sadarwa tsakanin kwamfutoci da na'urorin waje.Ita ce fasahar sadarwa da ake amfani da ita a filin PC.
(2)Ka'idar sadarwa ta Serial
Ka'idar sadarwa ta serial tana nufin ƙayyadaddun bayanai masu dacewa waɗanda ke ƙayyadaddun abubuwan da ke cikin fakitin bayanan, wanda ya haɗa da bit ɗin farawa, bayanan jiki, duba bit da kuma dakatar bit.Duk bangarorin biyu suna buƙatar amincewa kan daidaitaccen tsarin fakitin bayanai don aikawa da karɓar bayanai akai-akai.A cikin sadarwar serial, ka'idojin da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da RS-232, RS-422 da RS-485.
Serial Communication yana nufin hanyar sadarwa wacce ake watsa bayanai bi da bi tsakanin na'urori da kwamfutoci.Wannan hanyar sadarwa tana amfani da ƙarancin layukan bayanai, waɗanda za su iya ceton kuɗin sadarwa a cikin sadarwa mai nisa, amma saurin isar da saƙon sa bai kai na layi ɗaya ba.Yawancin kwamfutoci (ba tare da littattafan rubutu ba) sun ƙunshi tashoshin jiragen ruwa na RS-232 guda biyu.Serial sadarwa kuma ka'idar sadarwa ce da aka saba amfani da ita don kayan aiki da kayan aiki.
(3) Intanet
Ethernet fasahar LAN ce ta kwamfuta.Ma'auni na IEEE 802.3 shine ma'aunin fasaha don Ethernet, wanda ya haɗa da abun ciki na haɗin Layer na jiki, siginar lantarki da ka'idar samun damar kafofin watsa labarai?
(4) MB
Tsarin karatun mita nesa na MBus (mbus symphonic) ƙa'idar bas ce ta Turai mai waya biyu, galibi ana amfani da ita don kayan auna amfani kamar mitar zafi da jerin mitar ruwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-07-2021
